Manage Your Financial Life

Just Starting Out

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During your early years in the workforce, you will encounter many milestones—first couple of jobs, first couple of homes, grad school, getting engaged, buying a home, starting a family—so being organized and knowledgeable about your finances is essential.  Explore the blog articles below for helpful advice during this stage of life.

Understanding Tax Efficiency

Educate Yourself

As an investor, you need to consider the impact of taxes. The taxes owed on investments depend on the type of investment account. For tax-deferred accounts, such as 401(k)s and 403(b)s, you contribute money from your paycheck before it is taxed, known as “pre-tax dollars.” In other words, you do not pay taxes on the portion of your salary that goes directly into your 401(k) or 403(b). Moreover, you do not pay taxes on the income or capital gains generated each year. Instead, you pay taxes when you withdraw money from the account. Roth IRAs and college savings plans, such as 529s, are examples of a tax-advantaged account. You fund these kinds of accounts with after-tax dollars, and you do not get a tax break upfront. After you fund a Roth IRA or 529, the income, appreciation, and withdrawals are tax-free. For taxable accounts, income and capital gains are not tax-exempt or tax-deferred, so you…

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Organize Your Tax Files – You Will Be Glad That You Did

Essential Home Office

Preparing your taxes is not a fun task. It can be significantly less unpleasant if you are organized. Your taxes involve a lot of documents, and you must keep good records. In addition to your W-2 (or 1099-Misc forms, if you are a contractor), you will need supporting documentation related to your savings and investment accounts. A 1099 is a statement that details the dividends, interest, and capital gains earned during the year. Some investments are structured as partnerships and provide a year-end, or annual, K-1 instead of a 1099. A K-1 shows an investor’s share of partnership income for a given year. Transactions that you need to document at tax time occur throughout the year. Therefore, I strongly recommend that you keep a Current Year Taxes folder. As you receive tax-related documents in the mail or from a financial firm’s portal, store them in this paper folder or a…

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Evaluating Risk: How to Underwrite Yourself

Analyze Finances

Underwriting is what banks or insurance companies do when they evaluate risks associated with lending money or providing an insurance policy. To underwrite yourself, you need to take a close and honest look at your finances, ask yourself some questions, consider uncertainties and exposures, and evaluate your risk profile on many fronts. Analyze Your Sources of Income The first consideration is your income. Ask yourself these questions: Is your salary steady or variable? Do you rely on commissions or bonuses? Do you work in a cyclical industry? If your compensation is variable, you should not carry a lot of debt. Likewise, you should make sure to have an ample cash reserve. Evaluate Your Debt When you are thinking of buying a big item, consider if you can actually afford the item, not just whether or not you can afford the payment. Commit to paying off your credit card balances every…

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Prioritize Financial Goals

Save and Invest

Life transitions, such as college graduation, are a good time to think about financial goals. Different goals have different time horizons. Some are short term—such as establishing an emergency fund—and some are long term, like retirement. Tackling all your savings goals at once is unrealistic, so you should prioritize. The most immediate savings goal is your emergency fund. Experts recommend that you have an emergency fund sufficient to cover six months living expenses. Assets in the emergency fund should be very liquid such as cash in a savings account or in a money market fund. If you are new to the workforce, it may take time to build up an adequate reserve. The easiest way is to transfer a portion of your paycheck every pay period directly into an account. You may need a bigger emergency fund in some circumstances. You may face hurdles when looking for a new job,…

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Pay Attention – Fraud is on the Rise

Analyze Finances

During turbulent times, people are often anxious, preoccupied, or distracted. COVID-19 is no exception. Not surprisingly, there is a positive correlation between turmoil and the incidence of cybercrime. During 2020, identity theft and financial frauds have been on the rise: hackers and scammer prey on people’s fear and vulnerability. Advances in technology and mobile communication have changed the way we manage our finances. These innovations save time and allow us to be more informed consumers. But the innovations have also introduced new risks and exposures. With time, your financial accounts will grow, and so will the potential losses from identity theft and fraud. Review your credit report regularly. You can download your free report and search for errors or indications of fraud at www.annualcreditreport.com. If you will not be in the market for a new loan soon, it is possible to freeze or lock your credit profile to reduce the…

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Guide to Your Financial Life

Get Organized

Our financial lives are complicated. Where are your assets located? How are they invested? Where are your vital documents? What bills are on autopay? Are your beneficiary designations up to date? Who are the people that help you manage your financial life? With an In Case of Emergency or ICE plan, you assemble key contact and financial account information in one place. An ICE plan guides someone who must act on your behalf—it is like a roadmap of your financial life. If you use a web-based personal financial management service, you have a great head start. To create an ICE plan, prepare a list of: Bank accounts, credit card accounts, retirement accounts, brokerage accounts, and any other investments The name and phone number for anyone who helps you manage your financial life—banker, insurance agent, accountant, investment adviser Details about your lease or your mortgage—the name of your property management company…

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Gather Vital Documents

Essential Home Office

We accumulate vital documents over time. As a result, they are often scattered around our homes. Having your most important information organized and close at hand gives you peace of mind, especially during turbulent times. An In Case of Emergency, or ICE, file contains key documents that are easily accessible to you or someone acting on your behalf. If you need to leave your house or apartment quickly, it is beneficial to have your most important documents all in one place so that you can easily access them as you leave your home. At the least, include the following items in your ICE file: Legal documents, such as wills, powers of attorney, health care directives, and the titles for your home and car Vital records, such as birth certificates, adoption documents, marriage certificates, Social Security cards, and military records Copies of passports, credit cards, and driver’s licenses After you have…

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Net Worth and Cash Flow

Analyze Finances

Establishing sound personal finance practices while you are young is essential, and thinking about cash flow and net worth is a part of that. For those who are new to personal financial management, you need to think of the long run. Discipline and having the right mindset will help you stay out of debt and achieve your financial goals. Cash Flow Cash flow depends not only on your income but also on changes in your savings and debts. If, at the end of the year, you have not saved, and your credit card balance has grown, there is only one explanation – you consumed more than you earned. If you were able to save money or your debts have declined, you consumed less than you earned. Net Savings In terms of your take-home pay, you either spend it, consume it, or save it. The difference between income and spending or…

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Financial Fundamentals – How to Think About Risk

Educate Yourself

The financial fundamentals of risk evaluation are becoming more important than ever. This week, the S&P 500 reached a record level, surpassing the previous peak, which occurred on February 19th. After just a few months, the Index fully rebounded from a decline of 34%, which marks that fastest bear market recovery in history. The S&P 500 Index is market-cap-weighted, meaning that the companies with the largest market capitalization make up more of the Index and have a greater impact on the performance of the overall Index. The top five companies – Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook, and Alphabet (or Google) – make up more than 20% of the Index and significantly impact the performance. For 2020, the S&P 500 Index is up 4.9%, whereas the S&P 500 Index on an equal-weighted basis is down almost as much. Moreover, the Russell 2000 Index, which is the leading domestic small-cap index, is also…

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Strategies to Stay Out of Debt

Analyze Finances

Establishing sound personal finance practices while you are young is essential. For those just starting out who are new to money management, you need to consider your financial future. Discipline and having the right mindset will help you stay out of debt and achieve your financial goals. Track and Analyze Your Spending The first step is to analyze your spending to see where your money is going. Limit yourself to one or two credit cards, using one for most day-to-day purchases. This makes it easier to track spending and your total credit card balances. Having multiple credit card accounts is a major reason that card debts grow. As credit card balances climb, it also hurts your credit score. Even if you can pay off your balance every month, using more than 30% of your credit line has a negative impact on your credit score. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks offer convenience and…

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